That is what I have been seeing in regarding the SS PzK deployment in Feb-March 1943 and the Battle of the Bulge. However, at Kursk the operational reserve all received pretty similar pre-citadel training (3-month breakthrough).
The book, which is not yet named, will have combat models for many soviet and german formations involved, which should prove to be at least food for thought (if one is not convinced about this or that)
BTW coh2player, the conclusion that the 48.PzK outperformed the SSPzK is a correct assumption/opinion (IMHO) because Waffen-SS/SS units often fought on impulse and took objectives without any regard to future movements and often were willing to die for almost no strategic gain. Its sad that fanaticism on the battlefield often blinded those in command and those fighting.
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yep, the only loss and strength figures that really matter are those reported by the forces themselves- about their own losses.
Speaking of statistics, there's a new study on Kursk coming into print over the early summer (over 1,100 pages long..). It will eventually see wide release in english. It is extreme in the 'numbers game' with extensive research from both Soviet and german archives.
I was lucky enough to be in discussion with a president of the think-tank, who headed a research team with econometric/statistical training who did the work. Their product is selling combat modeling to military analysts, and after over a decade of interest in the subject they finally got a contract to do the work seriously. Of interest- is one of the conclusion that 48.PzK outperformed the SS PzK by 30-40% during the battle. This is the opposite of most non-data driven histories. There are also a lot of conclusions about the nature of soviet war fighting doctrine.
True people get to wrapped up in numbers. Altough they are an indication it is hard to avoid nitpicking.
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From the book Munro, Manstein (biography):
My personal opinion was that the STUG was definitely a no-no for blitzkrieg and concentration of almost all armor in PzGruppe I-IV was correct to optimize long range attack power in Barbarossa. The rise of the STUG imo went overboard. The problem with stug units was the formation/equipment was too weak logistically/inflexible for long range offensive operations & combined arms and it was better to fill the panzer divisions as much as possible.
Well, after the 'smash and grab' failed, the STUGs took off in the German Army.
In relation to the above discussion on commanders, doctrine and modernisation, I've seen it claimed that Manstein invented, or at least conceptualised, the StuG. Can anyone confirm if this is true, because if so, it must be one of the few instances of a general actually inventing a weapon.
Returning to German developments before the Second World War, Manstein’s role as
head of the operations division and then First Quartermaster in the General Staff required
him to explore the operational level employment of self-contained armoured corps and
armies, which at that time did not exist..............
Meanwhile, where Guderian and Manstein did differ in approach was in the role of
armour in supporting infantry formations. Based on his experience of the First World War,
Manstein (and the General Staff more widely) recognized the urgent requirement to
restore the offensive potential of the infantry in the face of the defensive power of the
machine gun. Whilst supporting the need for the strongest affordable contribution by
armoured forces, restrictions on matériel dictated that the mass of the German Army must
remain one based primarily on infantry divisions. Further, when Beck hesitated to risk all
on the new armoured formations it was at a time when the tactical value of tanks was
evident, but the shock effect of their operational level employment in deep operations had
yet to be demonstrated.
Manstein understood that if that potential were to be realized fully, then it made sense to
improve the fighting power of the infantry in order to conduct mobile operations as well.
He agreed with Guderian that it was not worthwhile (and here he diverged from Beck)
forming heavy armoured brigades to accompany the infantry in attack. If they were to be
established alongside the panzer corps, then Germany could only afford a very small
number of them. In this regard, the German Army did not follow the British route of
developing independent armoured or tank brigades to provide direct tactical support to
infantry divisions.59 For most of the Second World War, German armour remained
concentrated in its panzer (and, later, the motorized panzer grenadier) divisions. Rather,
the infantry divisions should contain new armoured fighting vehicles - the ‘storm artillery’
composed of assault guns.
If Guderian is regarded as the creator of the German armoured force, then Manstein
deserves greater recognition for his role in developing the storm artillery.60............Manstein produced a paper on storm artillery in the autumn of 1935. In so doing he
faced a wall of opposition from artillery, armour and antitank experts alike. It did not help
either that the senior leadership of the German Army at the time was composed of selfassured
artillerymen. Beck, for one, declared: ‘Well, my dear Manstein, this time you have
shot wide of the mark.’61 With Fritsch he was to have more luck, drawing the commanderin-
chief’s attention to the fact that the artillery could now resume its historical role in
taking a direct part in the battle rather than just providing indirect fire. Apparently this
appeal to the sense of honour of a former horse gunner convinced Fritsch, as did
Manstein’s suggestion that the new weapon should be manned by the artillery rather than
by the infantry. So ‘cap-badge’ competition, often the crippling bugbear of the British
Army of the time and long after, also played an important role in the German Army.
Despite its pride in the professional objectivity of its General Staff, which endures today,
the history of the storm artillery demonstrates that sometimes inter-arm pride and rivalry
can have a paradoxically beneficial outcome.
With the support of Fritsch, the German Army pressed ahead with the research and
development of the storm artillery with remarkable speed, bearing in mind the parallel
demands of the new armoured troops. Manstein was well supported by the Chief of Army
Procurement, General Karl Becker, who developed the first prototype based on the chassis
of a Mark II armoured fighting vehicle mounted with a short 75-mm gun, the lack of a
rotating turret distinguishing the ‘assault gun’ from a tank. Field trials of the first
equipments were undertaken in the winter of 1937/38 and combined arms exercises in
1938/39.62 By the autumn of 1937, Fritsch had signed the order for the production of
sufficient assault guns based on the chassis of the Mark III tank to equip all active infantry
divisions with a storm artillery detachment of three batteries of four guns initially (which
was raised subsequently to six), by the autumn of 1939.63 In addition, each of the new
panzer divisions were meant to receive a detachment, and the reconnaissance detachments
of the infantry, panzer, light and motorized infantry divisions a platoon of assault guns
each.
These ambitious plans were never realized. As Manstein recorded bitterly after the war,
after Fritsch and he had left office in early 1938, the new commander-in-chief, Colonel
General von Brauchitsch, cancelled the order. It would appear that this was a ‘realism’
economy measure rather than reflecting any change in doctrine. The fact was that the
German Army was expanding at a rate faster than the rate of procurement for heavy
weaponry would allow. Thus only six assault-gun batteries were raised and trained in the
first half of 1940, and only four of these independent sub-units were employed in the
French campaign.
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Just my opinion from time doing op. history and primary document readings (these are from the soldiers to each other). With the soviets, literally the numbers I just have to ignore and focus on the orders. All the general staff studies I have contain soviet estimates of german losses and forces that are inane.
With the Germans, I have rules of thumb- like divide their tank 'kill' claim by two-three and ignore how many tank were recovered or total loss (war is random). Their intel. tends to be closer to the mark-although not close enough- this is just a hunch from observation and confirmation.
US is somewhere between the Germans and Soviets, but closer to the Germans.
You are totally correct with the different measurements thing. Ultimately with war I like getting the numbers but consider having a basic knowledge of what they went to battle with, and their reinforcements ultimately more useful. Also, logistics. The rest- the losses, and whatever are sadly only guesswork.
Agreed with most, but this is the wierd part.
Well what claims? The ones made by Krasnaya Zvesda are often very poor, just like all countries propaganda during the war is very inaccurate. (Which is why I cringe whenever someone on the interwebs quotes wartime publications.)
Overall, I think people sometimes get too wrapped up in numbers |
Yea, I agree. All these battles were interrelated, and then finally the great retreat to the Dnepr. A "summer campaign" sounds reasonable although the Soviets did not name one.
I have a sneaking suspicion that the Kursk Operation should cover more than just Operation Zitadelle, certainly operation Kutuzov at the very least...
Would this idea be correct or would Kutuzov be its own "battle" (though where campaign ends and battle begins becomes a bit more blurry these days) go elsewhere do you think?
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I got myself much of the "Germany and the Second WW" set and found it sadly lacking in operational history. Definitely a lot of social sciences stuff, but the actual combat information was still too short.
Subscribed.
There are only a few universities in germany that are researching the field of strategic military history. The german army universities in Hamburg and Munich and some military institutes in Potsdam come to my mind.
Edit: But the topic of social aspects and war-crimes at university is still an important aspect to me.
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"Personal experience?" How do you know about the middlemen?
I know an American who is part of the 'Glantz' club (glantz wrote the forward to his book, and they help each other)- who published a tactical history using extremely specific soviet unit information. He never mentioned this-in fact in our discussion he was more of the view that there was just so much that he wished more historians would work in the area. But in the US there is extreme disinterest in the subject matter.
In fact, Russian archival access is still highly restricted to Westerners, not only in theory but especially in practice. Even for citizens of the Russian Federation there are still serious hurdles and I am speaking from personal experience here. AFAIK everything above Front level is still restricted, as is most of the doctrinal stuff. Dave Glantz for example exclusively works through middlemen for his Russian archival research. I might add that his grasp of German stuff is pretty shaky. Don't get me wrong here though, he of course has made pioneering contributions.
You would have to have read most of Glantz' books, which takes a hell of a long time- to make that opinion. I have read most of his books. His books are either soviet focused or 'balanced'. I would agree that his German numbers info is incomplete in the soviet focused ones. However, German troop movements I have not noticed anything problematic. The 'balanced' ones (like Stalingrad Trilogy with John House) are heavily researched from the German POV and have no easily apparent evidence of being 'shaky'. If you have read it, please disclose what I am missing.
Overall, I would like to see more material that consists of all the troop movements and logistics tracking. I like that sort of thing- most op. histories are lacking in detail to me so I consider Glantz' technique #1. The Stalingrad Trilogy is a good model of how it should be. An even stronger focus on logistics intertwined with the narrative would make it even better.
Nipe is also very talented at composing Op history even if he is a W-SS mania and has no original soviet research... |
+1 This is a culprit that tends to get de-emphasized. German logistics, mobility, and supply were poor in 1944 compared to earlier periods of the war. Small amounts of ammo and fuel, and slow to resupply compared to opponents.
So then it is likely the Americans' supposed precedence for artillery in WW2 simply stemmed from good logistics allowing them to use it constantly? |
IMO, the Soviet claims of enemy force strength & destruction in operations are usually worthless and not even close to the actual numbers. The Wehr reporting system in operations usually closer to the mark, but still with discrepancies.
However, in terms of Operational history, the German perspective that has dominated west of the iron curtain has been pretty disappointing overall and has lend to much more serious distortions than statistics- an obvious one is the myth of Moscow 1941 being a close-run affair being prevalent for decades and Manstein's backhand blow in 1943 being a major set-back for the soviets. Lots of battles have been swept under the rug or given only minor coverage.
'Kursk', for instance, gets lots of coverage but is still considered isolated from the related, massive, and ultimately more decisive Izyum/Mius River and Belgorod-Kharkov battles. In older texts like Rolf Hinze, the Soviet units are often not even identified and are depicted in maps as merely arrows.
I think the archives have been open for a long time. It's just that historians that master both russian and german research and want to be productive are quite few. Colonel Glantz is probably the best eastern front historian alive and working in the US. Also apparently the German universities don't take military history seriously and are more interested in researching WW2 social aspects and war crimes- which is too bad.
My intention was to clarify the problem of the wide field of various numbers with an russian scientist, before the western phobia and propaganda punshes.
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Kiev was also a convincing military matter as AGC already eliminated the Soviet armies in Smolensk and cleared the pockets its north/south jurisdiction while being pounded by Timoshenko and Zhukov's incessant counteroffensives. AGC was already right in front of Vyzama/Bryansk and was 'one blitzkrieg' away from the capital. The Germans had to eliminate Kiev or their southern front would be completely open to counteroffensives and the Axis front would become very long, absorbing a huge number of additional divisions which would dissipate their forces.
Retreating southeastern Front would simply allow the Axis to occupy the territory without much fight and then launch a central Blitzkrieg offensive at the earliest possible moment.
People often stare blindly at military matters and forget political ones. Kiev is my favourite one.
600 000 losses for the RKKA that could have been pulled out sounds like shit decision making.
Or abandon the 3rd city of the country and the historical cradle of your civilization without firing a shot? Good luck maintaining morale and trust in the government by regular people. Especially in that region of the country if you ever manage to get it back. "Hi, we kinda left you to fend for yourself for two years under occupation, hope you don't have any grudges against us, anyway we want you to listen to us again now"
Much better to try to fight and loose horribly in military terms, but using it to get people on your side; than it would be to retreat the army intact and loose the people.
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