Had this problem on my past laptop.
The game ran well for months, then I went on to reinstall it to the SSD. I installed it, poof; It either:
Bugsplat on startup with the log saying that some billboard was missing or sth (not the ad-billboard, but the always-facing-camera billboard)
OR
Stuck on that screen like in your case. Everything was updated and nothing was changed besides the installation being on the SSD. When I uninstalled, I also used Revo uninstaller to find registry entries and hidden undeleted files so that I really do COMPLETELY uninstall COH2.
What I tried: Verifying plenty of times, reinstalling plenty of times, clearing the "Company of heroes 2" folder in My Documents/My Games
Deleting random files and verifying. Run as Admin. Different launch options...
What helped: I think constant reinstalling helped solve it. It was completely random. Don't think anyone can guess why sometimes COH2 starts normally, and other times it will continue bugsplatting or infinite looping.
Here are my configuration .lua files from the COH2 folder:
https://www.coh2.org/file/20181/settings.rar
Extract them into the MyGames/Company Of.../ folder. Replace with the current system and user config lua. Maybe it helps. I know that games like Command And Conquer and BFMEarth had such problems where some systems didn't want to or couldn't write a proper system configuration report to adjust settings, meaning the games never launched.